WATER 4

Neither player can Special Summon monsters, except WATER monsters.

LIGHT 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; change it to face-down Defense Position. If this card is in your GY (Quick Effect): You can banish 7 other cards from your hand, field, and/or GY; Special Summon this card.

EARTH 7

If you control no monsters, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only use each of the following effects of "Kashtira Fenrir" once per turn. During your Main Phase: You can add 1 "Kashtira" monster from your Deck to your hand. When this card declares an attack, or if your opponent activates a monster effect (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 face-up card your opponent controls; banish it, face-down.

FIRE 4

If you control a "Kashtira" monster: You can Special Summon this card from your hand, also you cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck for the rest of this turn, except Xyz Monsters. During your Main Phase, if this card was Normal or Special Summoned this turn: You can banish 1 "Kashtira" card from your Deck, except "Kashtira Riseheart"; banish the top 3 cards of your opponent's Deck face-down, and if you banish any, this card's Level becomes 7. You can only use each effect of "Kashtira Riseheart" once per turn.

WIND 7

If you control no monsters, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only use each of the following effects of "Kashtira Unicorn" once per turn. During your Main Phase: You can add 1 "Kashtira" Spell from your Deck to your hand. When this card declares an attack, or if your opponent activates a monster effect (except during the Damage Step): You can look at your opponent's Extra Deck, and if you do, banish 1 monster from it, face-down.

EARTH 4

You can discard 1 other EARTH Fairy monster; Special Summon this card from your hand, then add 1 "Exchange of the Spirit" or 1 card that mentions it from your Deck to your hand. (Quick Effect): You can banish this card from your field or GY, then target up to 3 cards in any GY(s), or up to 5 if "Exchange of the Spirit" is on your field or in your GY; shuffle them into the Deck. You can only use each effect of "Keldo the Sacred Protector" once per turn.

EARTH 2

During either player's turn: You can send this card from your hand to the Graveyard; this turn, each time your opponent Special Summons a monster(s), immediately draw 1 card. You can only use 1 "Maxx "C"" per turn.

EARTH 4

You can discard 1 other EARTH Fairy monster; Special Summon this card from your hand, then you can place 1 "Gravekeeper's Trap" from your Deck face-up in your Spell & Trap Zone. (Quick Effect): You can banish this card from your field or GY, then target up to 3 cards in any GY(s), or up to 5 if "Exchange of the Spirit" is on your field or in your GY; shuffle them into the Deck. You can only use each effect of "Mudora the Sword Oracle" once per turn.

DARK 3

When your opponent activates a monster effect on the field (Quick Effect): You can Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, send the top 3 cards of your Deck to the GY. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect (except during the Damage Step): You can Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, by placing Fusion Materials mentioned on it from your hand, field, and/or GY, including this card from your GY, on the bottom of the Deck in any order. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Havnis" once per turn.

WATER 7

During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, banish 1 "Kashtira" or "Tearlaments" card from your hand or GY. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can send the top 3 cards of either player's Deck to the GY. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can send the top 2 cards of your Deck to the GY. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Kashtira" once per turn.

WATER 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can send 1 "Tearlaments" monster from your Deck to the GY, except "Tearlaments Reinoheart". If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can Special Summon this card (but banish it when it leaves the field), and if you do, send 1 "Tearlaments" card from your hand to the GY. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Reinoheart" once per turn.

DARK 4

During your Main Phase: You can Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, send 1 monster from your hand to the GY, then, send the top 3 cards of your Deck to the GY. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect (except during the Damage Step): You can Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, by placing Fusion Materials mentioned on it from your hand, field, and/or GY, including this card from your GY, on the bottom of the Deck in any order. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Scheiren" once per turn.

DARK 5

FLIP: You can draw 2 cards, then discard 1 card. If this card is sent to the GY by a card effect: You can draw 1 card. You can only use 1 "Shaddoll Beast" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

DARK 5

1 "Shaddoll" monster + 1 DARK monster Must first be Fusion Summoned. Cannot be destroyed by an opponent's card effects. Each player can only Special Summon monster(s) once per turn while this card is face-up on the field. If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 "Shaddoll" Spell/Trap in your GY; add it to your hand.

DARK 6

2 monsters with the same Type and Attribute, but different names Any battle damage your opponent takes from battles involving this card is doubled. If this card is sent to the GY: You can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Garura, Wings of Resonant Life" once per turn.

WATER 4

2 monsters with the same Attribute but different Types Your opponent cannot target this card, or monsters on the field with the same Attribute as this card, with card effects. Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can declare 1 Attribute; this card becomes that Attribute until the end of this turn.

DARK 8

1 Fusion Monster + 1 DARK monster Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; place 1 Predator Counter on it, and if it is Level 2 or higher, it becomes Level 1 as long as it has a Predator Counter. Negate the activated effects of your opponent's monsters that have Predator Counters.

DARK 9

"Tearlaments Reinoheart" + 2 Aqua monsters Cannot be used as Fusion Material. If this card is Special Summoned, or if an Aqua monster is sent to your GY by card effect while this card is on the field: You can target 1 card your opponent controls; shuffle it into the Deck. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can Special Summon this card, and if you do, send 1 "Tearlaments" card from your Deck to the GY. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Kaleido-Heart" once per turn.

DARK 5

1 "Tearlaments" monster + 1 Aqua monster If this card is Special Summoned: You can take 1 "Tearlaments" card from your Deck, and either add it to your hand or send it to the GY. You can target 1 monster you control; Special Summon 1 "Tearlaments" monster from your hand or GY, and if you do, send the targeted monster to the GY. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can send the top 5 cards of your Deck to the GY. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Kitkallos" once per turn.

WATER 8

"Tearlaments Kitkallos" + 1 "Tearlaments" monster Other Aqua monsters you control cannot be destroyed by battle. You can only use each of the following effects of "Tearlaments Rulkallos" once per turn. When your opponent activates a card or effect that includes an effect that Special Summons a monster(s) (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it, then, send 1 "Tearlaments" card from your hand or face-up field to the GY. If this Fusion Summoned card is sent to the GY by a card effect: You can Special Summon this card.

WIND 10

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters Once per turn: You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. Once while face-up on the field, when a card or effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card. You can only use the previous effect of "Baronne de Fleur" once per turn. Once per turn, during the Standby Phase: You can target 1 Level 9 or lower monster in your GY; return this card to the Extra Deck, and if you do, Special Summon that monster.

LIGHT 7

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can send 1 monster from your Deck to the GY, whose Level is lower than this card's on the field, and if you do, reduce this card's Level by that monster's, but for the rest of this turn, you cannot activate the effects of monsters with the same name the sent monster had in the GY. You can only use this effect of "Shooting Riser Dragon" once per turn. Once per Chain, during your opponent's Main Phase, you can (Quick Effect): Immediately after this effect resolves, Synchro Summon using this card you control.

LIGHT 8

1+ Tuners + 1 LIGHT monster This card's name becomes "Visas Starfrost" while on the field. You can only use each of the following effects of "Visas Amritara" once per turn. If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can add 1 Spell/Trap that mentions "Visas Starfrost" from your Deck to your hand. During your Main Phase: You can destroy 1 monster you control, also all Synchro Monsters you control will gain 800 ATK this turn.

FIRE 3

When a card or effect is activated that includes any of these effects (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate that effect. ● Add a card from the Deck to the hand. ● Special Summon from the Deck. ● Send a card from the Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring" once per turn.

DARK 7

If this card is in your hand or GY: You can pay half your LP, then target 1 Level 6 or lower monster you control; Special Summon this card, and if you do, this card's Level is reduced by the Level of the targeted monster, also place this card on the bottom of the Deck if it leaves the field. You can only use this effect of "Destrudo the Lost Dragon's Frisson" once per turn.

LIGHT

2 Level 12 monsters Once per turn, if an Xyz Monster battled this turn, you can also Xyz Summon "Divine Arsenal AA-ZEUS - Sky Thunder" by using 1 Xyz Monster you control as material. (Transfer its materials to this card.) (Quick Effect): You can detach 2 materials from this card; send all other cards from the field to the GY. Once per turn, if another card(s) you control is destroyed by battle or an opponent's card effect: You can attach 1 card from your hand, Deck, or Extra Deck to this card as material.

DARK

3 Level 7 monsters Once per turn, you can also Xyz Summon "Kashtira Arise-Heart" by using 1 "Kashtira" monster you control, if an effect of "Kashtira Shangri-Ira" was successfully activated this turn. (Transfer its materials to this card.) Any card sent to the GY is banished instead. Once per Chain, each time a card(s) is banished: Attach 1 banished card to this card as material. Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can detach 3 materials from this card, then target 1 card on the field; banish it face-down.

FIRE

2+ Level 7 monsters During each Standby Phase: You can Special Summon 1 "Kashtira" monster from your Deck. You can only use the previous effect of "Kashtira Shangri-Ira" once per turn. Each time a card(s) your opponent owns and possesses is banished face-down (except during the Damage Step): You can choose 1 unused Main Monster Zone or Spell & Trap Zone; it cannot be used while this monster is face-up on the field. If this card on the field would be destroyed by battle or card effect, you can detach 1 material from this card instead.

EARTH

2 Level 4 monsters Once per turn, during your Standby Phase, detach 1 material from this card. If you cannot, destroy it. This Attack Position card cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects. Your opponent cannot target this Attack Position card with card effects. While this card is in face-up Defense Position, change all face-up monsters on the field to Defense Position, also negate the activated effects of monsters that were in Defense Position when that effect was activated.

DARK

2 Level 4 monsters Once per turn, during the Standby Phase: You can attach the top card of your opponent's Deck to this card as material. (Quick Effect): You can detach up to 3 different types of materials from this card, then apply the following effect(s) depending on what was detached. ● Monster: Banish this card until the End Phase. ● Spell: Draw 1 card. ● Trap: Place 1 face-up card your opponent controls on the top of the Deck. You can only use this effect of "Time Thief Redoer" once per turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; banish it, and if you do, until the end of the next turn, its effects are negated, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of monsters with the same original name.

Spell Normal

Send 1 Spell/Trap from your Deck to the GY. You can only activate 1 "Foolish Burial Goods" per turn.

Spell Continuous

You can Normal Summon Level 7 monsters without Tributing. During your Main Phase: You can Special Summon 1 of your non-Xyz "Kashtira" monsters that is banished or in your GY. If your opponent activates a Spell Card or effect, and you control a "Kashtira" monster: You can target 3 cards in your opponent's GY; banish them, face-down. You can only use each effect of "Kashtira Birth" once per turn.

Spell Normal

Target 1 "Kashtira" monster you control; Special Summon 1 "Kashtira" monster with a different Attribute from your Deck in Defense Position, also for the rest of this turn after this card resolves, you cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck, except Xyz Monsters. If this card is banished: You can target 1 of your banished "Kashtira" cards, except "Kashtiratheosis"; add it to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Kashtiratheosis" once per turn.

Spell Field

When this card is activated: You can add 1 "Kashtira" monster from your Deck to your hand. Monsters you control gain 100 ATK/DEF for each different Attribute on the field. If a "Kashtira Shangri-Ira" you control activates an effect (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Pressured Planet Wraitsoth" once per turn. You can only activate 1 "Pressured Planet Wraitsoth" per turn.

Spell Field

When this card is activated: You can add 1 "Tearlaments" monster or 1 "Visas Starfrost" from your Deck to your hand. Fusion Monsters and "Tearlaments" monsters you control gain 500 ATK. If a "Tearlaments" monster(s) you control or in your GY is shuffled into the Deck or Extra Deck (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Primeval Planet Perlereino" once per turn. You can only activate 1 "Primeval Planet Perlereino" per turn.

Spell Quick

Discard 1 card; Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters from either field as Fusion Material. Neither player can activate cards or effects in response to this card's activation.

Spell Normal

Special Summon 1 "Tearlaments" monster or "Visas Starfrost" from your Deck or GY, then send 1 monster you control to the GY, with the same Type or Attribute as that Special Summoned monster. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can target 1 of your banished "Tearlaments" Traps; add it to your hand. You can only use 1 "Tearlaments Grief" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Continuous

If a monster(s) is Normal or Special Summoned, and you control a "Tearlaments" monster or "Visas Starfrost" (except during the Damage Step): You can send the top 3 cards of your Deck to the GY, also, for the rest of this turn, all monsters your opponent controls lose 500 ATK. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can add 1 "Tearlaments" Trap from your Deck to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Scream" once per turn.

Trap Counter

When a Spell/Trap Card, or monster effect, is activated, while you control a "Tearlaments" monster or "Visas Starfrost": Negate the activation, and if you do, shuffle that card into the Deck, then send 1 monster from your hand to the GY. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can target 1 of your banished "Tearlaments" monsters; add it to your hand. You can only use 1 "Tearlaments Cryme" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Trap Continuous

If you control a "Tearlaments" monster or "Visas Starfrost": You can target 1 Effect Monster your opponent controls; negate its effects, then send 1 monster you control to the GY. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can add 1 "Tearlaments" monster from your Deck to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Sulliek" once per turn.

Trap Normal

Target 1 "Visas Starfrost" in your Monster Zone and 1 Effect Monster your opponent controls; negate that opponent's monster's effects, and if you do, your targeted monster gains ATK equal to half the original ATK or DEF of that monster (whichever is higher). You can banish this card from your GY; add 1 Spell/Trap that mentions "Visas Starfrost" from your Deck to your hand, except "Trivikarma". You can only use 1 "Trivikarma" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

LIGHT 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; change it to face-down Defense Position. If this card is in your GY (Quick Effect): You can banish 7 other cards from your hand, field, and/or GY; Special Summon this card.

EARTH 7

If you control no monsters, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only use each of the following effects of "Kashtira Fenrir" once per turn. During your Main Phase: You can add 1 "Kashtira" monster from your Deck to your hand. When this card declares an attack, or if your opponent activates a monster effect (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 face-up card your opponent controls; banish it, face-down.

FIRE 4

If you control a "Kashtira" monster: You can Special Summon this card from your hand, also you cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck for the rest of this turn, except Xyz Monsters. During your Main Phase, if this card was Normal or Special Summoned this turn: You can banish 1 "Kashtira" card from your Deck, except "Kashtira Riseheart"; banish the top 3 cards of your opponent's Deck face-down, and if you banish any, this card's Level becomes 7. You can only use each effect of "Kashtira Riseheart" once per turn.

WIND 7

If you control no monsters, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only use each of the following effects of "Kashtira Unicorn" once per turn. During your Main Phase: You can add 1 "Kashtira" Spell from your Deck to your hand. When this card declares an attack, or if your opponent activates a monster effect (except during the Damage Step): You can look at your opponent's Extra Deck, and if you do, banish 1 monster from it, face-down.

EARTH 4

You can discard 1 other EARTH Fairy monster; Special Summon this card from your hand, then add 1 "Exchange of the Spirit" or 1 card that mentions it from your Deck to your hand. (Quick Effect): You can banish this card from your field or GY, then target up to 3 cards in any GY(s), or up to 5 if "Exchange of the Spirit" is on your field or in your GY; shuffle them into the Deck. You can only use each effect of "Keldo the Sacred Protector" once per turn.

EARTH 2

During either player's turn: You can send this card from your hand to the Graveyard; this turn, each time your opponent Special Summons a monster(s), immediately draw 1 card. You can only use 1 "Maxx "C"" per turn.

WATER 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can send 1 "Tearlaments" monster from your Deck to the GY, except "Tearlaments Reinoheart". If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can Special Summon this card (but banish it when it leaves the field), and if you do, send 1 "Tearlaments" card from your hand to the GY. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Reinoheart" once per turn.

DARK 4

During your Main Phase: You can Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, send 1 monster from your hand to the GY, then, send the top 3 cards of your Deck to the GY. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect (except during the Damage Step): You can Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, by placing Fusion Materials mentioned on it from your hand, field, and/or GY, including this card from your GY, on the bottom of the Deck in any order. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Scheiren" once per turn.

DARK 5

1 "Shaddoll" monster + 1 DARK monster Must first be Fusion Summoned. Cannot be destroyed by an opponent's card effects. Each player can only Special Summon monster(s) once per turn while this card is face-up on the field. If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 "Shaddoll" Spell/Trap in your GY; add it to your hand.

DARK 6

2 monsters with the same Type and Attribute, but different names Any battle damage your opponent takes from battles involving this card is doubled. If this card is sent to the GY: You can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Garura, Wings of Resonant Life" once per turn.

DARK 9

"Tearlaments Reinoheart" + 2 Aqua monsters Cannot be used as Fusion Material. If this card is Special Summoned, or if an Aqua monster is sent to your GY by card effect while this card is on the field: You can target 1 card your opponent controls; shuffle it into the Deck. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can Special Summon this card, and if you do, send 1 "Tearlaments" card from your Deck to the GY. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Kaleido-Heart" once per turn.

WATER 8

"Tearlaments Kitkallos" + 1 "Tearlaments" monster Other Aqua monsters you control cannot be destroyed by battle. You can only use each of the following effects of "Tearlaments Rulkallos" once per turn. When your opponent activates a card or effect that includes an effect that Special Summons a monster(s) (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it, then, send 1 "Tearlaments" card from your hand or face-up field to the GY. If this Fusion Summoned card is sent to the GY by a card effect: You can Special Summon this card.

WIND 10

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters Once per turn: You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. Once while face-up on the field, when a card or effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card. You can only use the previous effect of "Baronne de Fleur" once per turn. Once per turn, during the Standby Phase: You can target 1 Level 9 or lower monster in your GY; return this card to the Extra Deck, and if you do, Special Summon that monster.

LIGHT 8

1+ Tuners + 1 LIGHT monster This card's name becomes "Visas Starfrost" while on the field. You can only use each of the following effects of "Visas Amritara" once per turn. If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can add 1 Spell/Trap that mentions "Visas Starfrost" from your Deck to your hand. During your Main Phase: You can destroy 1 monster you control, also all Synchro Monsters you control will gain 800 ATK this turn.

FIRE 3

When a card or effect is activated that includes any of these effects (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate that effect. ● Add a card from the Deck to the hand. ● Special Summon from the Deck. ● Send a card from the Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring" once per turn.

LIGHT

2 Level 12 monsters Once per turn, if an Xyz Monster battled this turn, you can also Xyz Summon "Divine Arsenal AA-ZEUS - Sky Thunder" by using 1 Xyz Monster you control as material. (Transfer its materials to this card.) (Quick Effect): You can detach 2 materials from this card; send all other cards from the field to the GY. Once per turn, if another card(s) you control is destroyed by battle or an opponent's card effect: You can attach 1 card from your hand, Deck, or Extra Deck to this card as material.

DARK

3 Level 7 monsters Once per turn, you can also Xyz Summon "Kashtira Arise-Heart" by using 1 "Kashtira" monster you control, if an effect of "Kashtira Shangri-Ira" was successfully activated this turn. (Transfer its materials to this card.) Any card sent to the GY is banished instead. Once per Chain, each time a card(s) is banished: Attach 1 banished card to this card as material. Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can detach 3 materials from this card, then target 1 card on the field; banish it face-down.

DARK

2 Level 4 monsters Once per turn, during the Standby Phase: You can attach the top card of your opponent's Deck to this card as material. (Quick Effect): You can detach up to 3 different types of materials from this card, then apply the following effect(s) depending on what was detached. ● Monster: Banish this card until the End Phase. ● Spell: Draw 1 card. ● Trap: Place 1 face-up card your opponent controls on the top of the Deck. You can only use this effect of "Time Thief Redoer" once per turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; banish it, and if you do, until the end of the next turn, its effects are negated, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of monsters with the same original name.

Spell Normal

Target 1 "Kashtira" monster you control; Special Summon 1 "Kashtira" monster with a different Attribute from your Deck in Defense Position, also for the rest of this turn after this card resolves, you cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck, except Xyz Monsters. If this card is banished: You can target 1 of your banished "Kashtira" cards, except "Kashtiratheosis"; add it to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Kashtiratheosis" once per turn.

Spell Field

When this card is activated: You can add 1 "Kashtira" monster from your Deck to your hand. Monsters you control gain 100 ATK/DEF for each different Attribute on the field. If a "Kashtira Shangri-Ira" you control activates an effect (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Pressured Planet Wraitsoth" once per turn. You can only activate 1 "Pressured Planet Wraitsoth" per turn.

Spell Field

When this card is activated: You can add 1 "Tearlaments" monster or 1 "Visas Starfrost" from your Deck to your hand. Fusion Monsters and "Tearlaments" monsters you control gain 500 ATK. If a "Tearlaments" monster(s) you control or in your GY is shuffled into the Deck or Extra Deck (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Primeval Planet Perlereino" once per turn. You can only activate 1 "Primeval Planet Perlereino" per turn.

Spell Quick

Discard 1 card; Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters from either field as Fusion Material. Neither player can activate cards or effects in response to this card's activation.

Spell Continuous

If a monster(s) is Normal or Special Summoned, and you control a "Tearlaments" monster or "Visas Starfrost" (except during the Damage Step): You can send the top 3 cards of your Deck to the GY, also, for the rest of this turn, all monsters your opponent controls lose 500 ATK. If this card is sent to the GY by card effect: You can add 1 "Tearlaments" Trap from your Deck to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Tearlaments Scream" once per turn.