DARK 7

You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) by sending 1 card from your hand or field to the GY. You can only Special Summon "Diabellstar the Black Witch" once per turn this way. You can only use each of the following effects of "Diabellstar the Black Witch" once per turn. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can Set 1 "Sinful Spoils" Spell/Trap directly from your Deck. During your opponent's turn, if this card is sent from its owner's hand or field to the GY: You can send 1 card from your hand or field to the GY, and if you do, Special Summon this card.

EARTH 7

If your opponent controls more monsters than you do, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only Special Summon "Dinowrestler Pankratops" once per turn this way. (Quick Effect): You can Tribute 1 "Dinowrestler" monster, then target 1 card your opponent controls; destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Dinowrestler Pankratops" once per turn.

FIRE 1

Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must be Special Summoned (from your hand) by Tributing all face-up monsters on the field that activated their effects this turn in your opponent's Monster Zone. Gains 1500 ATK for each monster Tributed to Special Summon this card. During your End Phase: You can target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; Special Summon it to your field. You can only use this effect of "Kurikara Divincarnate" once per turn.

FIRE 1

If you control a FIRE monster, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only Special Summon "Snake-Eye Birch" once per turn this way. During your opponent's turn (Quick Effect): You can send 2 face-up cards you control to the GY, including this card; Special Summon 1 "Snake-Eye" monster from your hand or Deck, except "Snake-Eye Birch". You can only use this effect of "Snake-Eye Birch" once per turn.

FIRE 1

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can target 1 of your Level 1 FIRE monsters that is banished or in your GY; either add it to your hand or Special Summon it. You can send 2 face-up cards you control to the GY, including this card; Special Summon 1 "Snake-Eye" monster from your hand or Deck, except "Snake-Eye Oak". You can only use each effect of "Snake-Eye Oak" once per turn.

FIRE 8

You can target 1 face-up monster on the field or in either GY; place it face-up in its owner's Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell. During your opponent's turn (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Monster Card treated as a Continuous Spell on the field; Special Summon it to your field. If this card is sent from the hand or field to the GY: You can Special Summon 2 Level 1 FIRE monsters from your GY. You can only use each effect of "Snake-Eyes Flamberge Dragon" once per turn.

FIRE 1

If this card is added to your hand, except by drawing it: You can Special Summon this card. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 "Snake-Eye" Spell/Trap from your Deck to your hand. If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 FIRE monster in your GY; place it face-up in its owner's Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell. You can only use each effect of "Snake-Eyes Poplar" once per turn.

EARTH 8

During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can target 1 non-Dragon "Vanquish Soul" monster you control; return it to the hand, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● EARTH: This face-up card is unaffected by your opponent's activated effects this turn. ● EARTH, FIRE, & DARK: Destroy 1 other card on the field. You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Caesar Valius" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 "Vanquish Soul" Spell/Trap from your Deck to your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● DARK: 1 face-up monster your opponent controls loses 500 ATK/DEF. ● DARK & EARTH: Return the 1 monster with the lowest DEF on the field to the hand (your choice, if tied). You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Dr. Mad Love" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

DARK 7

During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can target 1 non-Machine "Vanquish Soul" monster you control; return it to the hand, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● DARK: Draw 1 card. ● EARTH & FIRE: Inflict 1500 damage to your opponent. You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Heavy Borger" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

FIRE 5

If you reveal a card(s) in your hand to activate a "Vanquish Soul" card or effect (except during the Damage Step): You can Special Summon this card from your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● FIRE: Change the battle position of 1 monster on the field. ● 2 FIRE: Add 1 "Vanquish Soul" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Vanquish Soul Jiaolong". You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Jiaolong" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

EARTH 4

If you control no monsters in your Main Monster Zone: You can Special Summon this card from your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● EARTH: This card cannot be destroyed by battle this turn. ● EARTH & FIRE: Destroy all Spells/Traps in this card's column. You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Pantera" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

FIRE 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 non-Warrior "Vanquish Soul" monster from your Deck to your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● FIRE: This card cannot be destroyed by card effects this turn. ● FIRE & DARK: Destroy all other monsters in this card's column. You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Razen" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

DARK

2+ Effect Monsters Your opponent cannot activate cards or effects in response to this card's effect activations. If this card is Link Summoned: You can target 1 Link Monster that was used as material for its Link Summon; this card gains ATK equal to that monster's Link Rating x 1000. You can banish 1 Link Monster from your field or GY; destroy 1 card your opponent controls, also for the rest of this turn, you cannot banish monsters with that same Attribute to activate this effect of "Accesscode Talker".

FIRE

2+ Effect Monsters Gains 200 ATK for each Link Monster in the GYs. You can only use each of the following effects of "Amphibious Swarmship Amblowhale" once per turn. ● If this card is destroyed: You can target 1 Link-3 or lower monster in either GY; Special Summon it. ● If a Link-3 or lower monster(s) on the field is destroyed by battle or card effect while this card is in your GY: You can banish this card from your GY; destroy 1 card on the field.

WIND

2+ monsters with different names, except Tokens You can only control 1 "Apollousa, Bow of the Goddess". The original ATK of this card becomes 800 x the number of Link Materials used for its Link Summon. Once per Chain, when your opponent activates a monster effect (Quick Effect): You can make this card lose exactly 800 ATK, and if you do, negate the activation.

FIRE

2 monsters, including a FIRE monster (This card is always treated as a "Familiar-Possessed" card.) You can target 1 FIRE monster in your opponent's GY; Special Summon it to your zone this card points to. If this Link Summoned card is destroyed by battle, or is destroyed by an opponent's card effect while in its owner's Monster Zone: You can add 1 FIRE monster with 1500 or less DEF from your Deck to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Hiita the Fire Charmer, Ablaze" once per turn.

DARK

2 non-Link Monsters During your opponent's Main Phase, you can (Quick Effect): Immediately after this effect resolves, Link Summon 1 Link Monster using materials you control, including this card. You can only use this effect of "I:P Masquerena" once per turn. A Link Monster that used this card as material cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects.

FIRE

2 monsters with different names If this card is Link Summoned: You can discard 1 card, then target 1 Spell/Trap your opponent controls; destroy it, then, if this card was co-linked when this effect was activated, you can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Knightmare Phoenix" once per turn. Co-linked monsters you control cannot be destroyed by battle.

DARK

2+ monsters with different names If this card is Link Summoned: You can discard 1 card, then target 1 card on the field; shuffle it into the Deck, then, if this card was co-linked when this effect was activated, you can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Knightmare Unicorn" once per turn. While any co-linked "Knightmare" monsters are on the field, for your normal draw in your Draw Phase, draw 1 card for each different card name among those co-linked "Knightmare" monsters, instead of drawing just 1 card.

DARK

1 Level 1 Monster When an opponent's monster declares an attack: You can Tribute this card; change that opponent's monster's ATK to 0, until the end of this turn. If this card is in your GY (Quick Effect): You can Tribute 1 Level 1 monster; Special Summon this card. You can only use this effect of "Linkuriboh" once per turn.

FIRE

2+ Effect Monsters You cannot Special Summon monsters, except FIRE monsters. You can only use each of the following effects of "Promethean Princess, Bestower of Flames" once per turn. During your Main Phase: You can Special Summon 1 FIRE monster from your GY. If a monster(s) is Special Summoned to your opponent's field, while this card is in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 FIRE monster you control and 1 monster your opponent controls; destroy them, and if you do, Special Summon this card.

DARK

1 "Vanquish Soul" monster Cannot be used as Link Material. While you control a "Vanquish Soul" monster, your opponent's monsters can only target monsters you control with the highest ATK (their choice, if tied) for attacks. During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects; ● Special Summon 1 "Vanquish Soul" monster from your hand. ● Add 1 "Vanquish Soul" monster from your GY to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Rock of the Vanquisher" once per turn.

FIRE

2 monsters, including a Level/Rank/Link 2 monster Cannot be used as Link Material the turn it is Link Summoned. Your opponent cannot target monsters this card points to with card effects. During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Level 2 monster in your GY, or, if your opponent controls a monster, you can target 1 Rank/Link 2 monster instead; Special Summon it. You can only use this effect of "Spright Elf" once per turn.

WIND 10

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters Once per turn: You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. Once while face-up on the field, when a card or effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card. You can only use the previous effect of "Baronne de Fleur" once per turn. Once per turn, during the Standby Phase: You can target 1 Level 9 or lower monster in your GY; return this card to the Extra Deck, and if you do, Special Summon that monster.

DARK 8

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can equip 1 Link Monster from your GY to this card, and if you do, place Borrel Counters on this card equal to that Link Monster's Link Rating. This card gains ATK equal to half the ATK of the monster equipped to it by its effect. When your opponent activates a card or effect (Quick Effect): You can remove 1 Borrel Counter from this card; negate the activation. You can only use this effect of "Borreload Savage Dragon" once per turn.

LIGHT 2

1 Tuner + 1 non-Tuner monster When this card is Synchro Summoned: You can draw 1 card. Once per Chain, during your opponent's Main Phase, you can (Quick Effect): Immediately after this effect resolves, Synchro Summon using this card you control.

FIRE 3

When a card or effect is activated that includes any of these effects (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate that effect. ● Add a card from the Deck to the hand. ● Special Summon from the Deck. ● Send a card from the Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring" once per turn.

FIRE 1

If this card is sent to the GY as Synchro Material: You can add 1 "Junk" monster from your Deck to your hand. If this card is in your GY: You can send 1 card from your hand to the GY; Special Summon this card, but banish it when it leaves the field. You can only use 1 "Jet Synchron" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Equip

While this card is equipped to a monster: You can add 1 Level 5 or lower FIRE Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand, then destroy this card. If this card is sent to the GY because the equipped monster is sent to the GY: You can target 1 Level 5 or lower FIRE Warrior monster in your GY; Special Summon it, also you cannot Special Summon monsters for the rest of the turn, except Warrior monsters. You can only use 1 ""Infernoble Arms - Durendal"" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; banish it, and if you do, until the end of the next turn, its effects are negated, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of monsters with the same original name.

Spell Field

When this card is activated: You can place 1 "Snake-Eye" monster from your hand, Deck, or GY face-up in its owner's Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell. Level 1 FIRE monsters you control gain 1100 ATK. Once per turn, if your opponent Normal or Special Summons a monster(s) (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 Monster Card on the field treated as a Continuous Spell; Special Summon it to your field. You can only activate 1 "Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye" per turn.

Spell Normal

Send 1 other face-up card you control to the GY; Special Summon 1 Level 1 FIRE monster from your hand or Deck. You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 "Snake-Eye" or "Diabellstar" monster in your GY; add 1 Level 1 FIRE monster from your Deck to your hand, then place the targeted monster on the bottom of the Deck. You can only use 1 "Original Sinful Spoils - Snake-Eye" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Normal

Add 1 Level 4 or lower Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand.

Spell Quick

Target 1 Level 7 or higher Spellcaster monster you control; apply the following effects. ● While face-up, that monster is unaffected by other monsters' effects this turn, and is sent to the GY during the Standby Phase of the next turn. ● All monsters your opponent currently controls lose ATK equal to the targeted monster's ATK, then if their ATK becomes 0 by this effect, destroy them. You can only activate 1 "Sinful Spoils of Doom - Rciela" per turn.

Spell Normal

Target 1 face-up monster on the field; place it face-up in its owner's Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell. You can only activate 1 "Sinful Spoils of Subversion - Snake-Eye" per turn.

Spell Normal

Reveal 1 monster in your hand; Special Summon 1 "Vanquish Soul" monster with the same Attribute, but a different name, from your Deck, but return it to the hand during the End Phase. You can only activate 1 "Stake your Soul!" per turn.

Spell Normal

If your opponent has activated a monster effect during your Main Phase this turn: Activate 1 of these effects; ● Draw 2 cards. ● Take control of 1 monster your opponent controls until the End Phase. ● Look at your opponent's hand, and choose 1 card from it to shuffle into the Deck. You can only activate 1 "Triple Tactics Talent" per turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 "Vanquish Soul" monster you control; change its battle position, then you can change face-up monsters your opponent controls to face-down Defense Position, up to the number of "Vanquish Soul" monsters you control with different names. You can only activate 1 "Vanquish Soul Dust Devil" per turn.

Spell Quick

Add 1 "Diabellstar" monster from your Deck or GY to your hand. During your Main Phase: You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 of your "Sinful Spoils" Spells/Traps that is banished or in your GY, except "WANTED: Seeker of Sinful Spoils"; place it on the bottom of the Deck, then draw 1 card. You can only use each effect of "WANTED: Seeker of Sinful Spoils" once per turn.

Trap Normal

Reveal up to 1 each of DARK, EARTH, and FIRE monsters in your hand; apply the following effect(s) in sequence, based on the number revealed. ● 1+: Inflict 400 damage to your opponent, then you can Special Summon 1 "Vanquish Soul" monster from your hand. ● 2+: Inflict 600 damage to your opponent, also this turn, "Vanquish Soul" monsters you control cannot be destroyed by card effects. ● 3: Inflict 800 damage to your opponent, then you can destroy all monsters on the field. You can only activate 1 "Vanquish Soul Snow Devil" per turn.

DARK 7

You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) by sending 1 card from your hand or field to the GY. You can only Special Summon "Diabellstar the Black Witch" once per turn this way. You can only use each of the following effects of "Diabellstar the Black Witch" once per turn. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can Set 1 "Sinful Spoils" Spell/Trap directly from your Deck. During your opponent's turn, if this card is sent from its owner's hand or field to the GY: You can send 1 card from your hand or field to the GY, and if you do, Special Summon this card.

EARTH 7

If your opponent controls more monsters than you do, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only Special Summon "Dinowrestler Pankratops" once per turn this way. (Quick Effect): You can Tribute 1 "Dinowrestler" monster, then target 1 card your opponent controls; destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Dinowrestler Pankratops" once per turn.

FIRE 1

Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must be Special Summoned (from your hand) by Tributing all face-up monsters on the field that activated their effects this turn in your opponent's Monster Zone. Gains 1500 ATK for each monster Tributed to Special Summon this card. During your End Phase: You can target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; Special Summon it to your field. You can only use this effect of "Kurikara Divincarnate" once per turn.

FIRE 8

You can target 1 face-up monster on the field or in either GY; place it face-up in its owner's Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell. During your opponent's turn (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Monster Card treated as a Continuous Spell on the field; Special Summon it to your field. If this card is sent from the hand or field to the GY: You can Special Summon 2 Level 1 FIRE monsters from your GY. You can only use each effect of "Snake-Eyes Flamberge Dragon" once per turn.

FIRE 1

If this card is added to your hand, except by drawing it: You can Special Summon this card. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 "Snake-Eye" Spell/Trap from your Deck to your hand. If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 FIRE monster in your GY; place it face-up in its owner's Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell. You can only use each effect of "Snake-Eyes Poplar" once per turn.

EARTH 8

During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can target 1 non-Dragon "Vanquish Soul" monster you control; return it to the hand, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● EARTH: This face-up card is unaffected by your opponent's activated effects this turn. ● EARTH, FIRE, & DARK: Destroy 1 other card on the field. You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Caesar Valius" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 "Vanquish Soul" Spell/Trap from your Deck to your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● DARK: 1 face-up monster your opponent controls loses 500 ATK/DEF. ● DARK & EARTH: Return the 1 monster with the lowest DEF on the field to the hand (your choice, if tied). You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Dr. Mad Love" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

FIRE 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 non-Warrior "Vanquish Soul" monster from your Deck to your hand. (Quick Effect): You can activate 1 of these effects, by revealing monster(s) in your hand with the listed Attribute(s); ● FIRE: This card cannot be destroyed by card effects this turn. ● FIRE & DARK: Destroy all other monsters in this card's column. You can only use each effect of "Vanquish Soul Razen" once per turn, and cannot activate more than 1 in the same Chain.

DARK

2+ Effect Monsters Your opponent cannot activate cards or effects in response to this card's effect activations. If this card is Link Summoned: You can target 1 Link Monster that was used as material for its Link Summon; this card gains ATK equal to that monster's Link Rating x 1000. You can banish 1 Link Monster from your field or GY; destroy 1 card your opponent controls, also for the rest of this turn, you cannot banish monsters with that same Attribute to activate this effect of "Accesscode Talker".

WIND

2+ monsters with different names, except Tokens You can only control 1 "Apollousa, Bow of the Goddess". The original ATK of this card becomes 800 x the number of Link Materials used for its Link Summon. Once per Chain, when your opponent activates a monster effect (Quick Effect): You can make this card lose exactly 800 ATK, and if you do, negate the activation.

DARK

2 non-Link Monsters During your opponent's Main Phase, you can (Quick Effect): Immediately after this effect resolves, Link Summon 1 Link Monster using materials you control, including this card. You can only use this effect of "I:P Masquerena" once per turn. A Link Monster that used this card as material cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects.

DARK

2+ monsters with different names If this card is Link Summoned: You can discard 1 card, then target 1 card on the field; shuffle it into the Deck, then, if this card was co-linked when this effect was activated, you can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Knightmare Unicorn" once per turn. While any co-linked "Knightmare" monsters are on the field, for your normal draw in your Draw Phase, draw 1 card for each different card name among those co-linked "Knightmare" monsters, instead of drawing just 1 card.

DARK

1 Level 1 Monster When an opponent's monster declares an attack: You can Tribute this card; change that opponent's monster's ATK to 0, until the end of this turn. If this card is in your GY (Quick Effect): You can Tribute 1 Level 1 monster; Special Summon this card. You can only use this effect of "Linkuriboh" once per turn.

FIRE

2+ Effect Monsters You cannot Special Summon monsters, except FIRE monsters. You can only use each of the following effects of "Promethean Princess, Bestower of Flames" once per turn. During your Main Phase: You can Special Summon 1 FIRE monster from your GY. If a monster(s) is Special Summoned to your opponent's field, while this card is in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 FIRE monster you control and 1 monster your opponent controls; destroy them, and if you do, Special Summon this card.

FIRE

2 monsters, including a Level/Rank/Link 2 monster Cannot be used as Link Material the turn it is Link Summoned. Your opponent cannot target monsters this card points to with card effects. During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Level 2 monster in your GY, or, if your opponent controls a monster, you can target 1 Rank/Link 2 monster instead; Special Summon it. You can only use this effect of "Spright Elf" once per turn.

WIND 10

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters Once per turn: You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. Once while face-up on the field, when a card or effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card. You can only use the previous effect of "Baronne de Fleur" once per turn. Once per turn, during the Standby Phase: You can target 1 Level 9 or lower monster in your GY; return this card to the Extra Deck, and if you do, Special Summon that monster.

DARK 8

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can equip 1 Link Monster from your GY to this card, and if you do, place Borrel Counters on this card equal to that Link Monster's Link Rating. This card gains ATK equal to half the ATK of the monster equipped to it by its effect. When your opponent activates a card or effect (Quick Effect): You can remove 1 Borrel Counter from this card; negate the activation. You can only use this effect of "Borreload Savage Dragon" once per turn.

FIRE 3

When a card or effect is activated that includes any of these effects (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate that effect. ● Add a card from the Deck to the hand. ● Special Summon from the Deck. ● Send a card from the Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring" once per turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; banish it, and if you do, until the end of the next turn, its effects are negated, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of monsters with the same original name.

Spell Normal

Send 1 other face-up card you control to the GY; Special Summon 1 Level 1 FIRE monster from your hand or Deck. You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 "Snake-Eye" or "Diabellstar" monster in your GY; add 1 Level 1 FIRE monster from your Deck to your hand, then place the targeted monster on the bottom of the Deck. You can only use 1 "Original Sinful Spoils - Snake-Eye" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Normal

Add 1 Level 4 or lower Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand.

Spell Normal

Reveal 1 monster in your hand; Special Summon 1 "Vanquish Soul" monster with the same Attribute, but a different name, from your Deck, but return it to the hand during the End Phase. You can only activate 1 "Stake your Soul!" per turn.

Spell Normal

If your opponent has activated a monster effect during your Main Phase this turn: Activate 1 of these effects; ● Draw 2 cards. ● Take control of 1 monster your opponent controls until the End Phase. ● Look at your opponent's hand, and choose 1 card from it to shuffle into the Deck. You can only activate 1 "Triple Tactics Talent" per turn.