DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can send 1 Fiend or Zombie Ritual Monster from your hand or Deck to the GY, then you can add 1 Ritual Spell from your Deck to your hand. If this card is banished: You can target 1 of your banished Level 4 or lower Fiend or Zombie monsters; Special Summon it. You can only use each effect of "Dark Necromancer" once per turn.

LIGHT 10

You can send this card and 1 Spell/Trap from your hand to the GY, then target 1 card on the field; send it to the GY. If this card is in your GY: You can send 1 Spell/Trap you control to the GY; add this card to your hand, then you can Special Summon 1 Zombie monster from your hand, and if you do, until the end of your opponent's turn, it gains 1000 ATK/DEF and cannot be destroyed by card effects. You can only use each effect of "Eldlich the Golden Lord" once per turn.

EARTH 2

During either player's turn: You can send this card from your hand to the Graveyard; this turn, each time your opponent Special Summons a monster(s), immediately draw 1 card. You can only use 1 "Maxx "C"" per turn.

EARTH 4

You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 Zombie monster in your GY; Special Summon that target.

DARK 6

If this card is sent to the GY: You can add 1 "Vendread" Spell/Trap from your Deck to the hand. If a monster(s) on the field is Tributed, while this card is in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can banish 1 other Zombie monster from your GY; Special Summon this card, and if you do, while it is face-up in the Monster Zone, you cannot Special Summon monsters, except "Vendread" monsters. You can only use each effect of "Scar of the Vendread" once per turn.

FIRE 4

You can Tribute 1 Zombie monster; Special Summon 1 Zombie Tuner with 0 DEF from your Deck. If this card is banished: You can target 1 of your banished "Shiranui" monsters, except "Shiranui Solitaire", or up to 2 instead if "Shiranui Style Synthesis" is on the field; Special Summon them. You can only use each effect of "Shiranui Solitaire" once per turn.

DARK 1

You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 of your banished "Vendread" monsters, except "Vendread Anima"; Special Summon it, also you cannot Special Summon monsters for the rest of this turn, except Zombie monsters. A "Vendread" monster Ritual Summoned using this card on the field gains the following effect. You can only use each of the preceding effects of "Vendread Anima" once per turn. ● Banish any monster destroyed by battle with this card.

DARK 1

If this card is in your GY: You can banish 1 other Zombie monster from your GY; Special Summon this card, but banish it when it leaves the field. A "Vendread" monster Ritual Summoned using this card on the field gains the following effect. You can only use each of the preceding effects of "Vendread Core" once per turn. ● Your opponent cannot target this card with card effects.

DARK 3

If this card is in your GY: You can discard 1 "Vendread" card; Special Summon this card, but banish it when it leaves the field. A "Vendread" monster Ritual Summoned using this card on the field gains the following effect. You can only use each of the preceding effects of "Vendread Houndhorde" once per turn. ● Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Spell/Trap your opponent controls; banish it.

DARK 4

If this card in your possession is destroyed by an opponent's card (by battle or card effect) and sent to your GY: You can Special Summon this card, but banish it when it leaves the field. A "Vendread" monster Ritual Summoned using this card on the field gains this effect. You can only use the preceding effect of "Vendread Revenants" once per turn. ● Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Special Summoned monster your opponent controls; banish it.

DARK 2

If this card is sent to the GY: You can reveal 1 "Vendread" card in your hand; Special Summon this card, but banish it when it leaves the field. A "Vendread" monster Ritual Summoned using this card on the field gains the following effect. You can only use each of the preceding effects of "Vendread Striges" once per turn. ● After damage calculation, if this card battled an opponent's monster: You can draw 1 card, then discard 1 card.

DARK 8

You can Ritual Summon this card with any "Vendread" Ritual Spell. This card's name becomes "Revendread Slayer" while on the field. While this Ritual Summoned card is on the field, your opponent cannot target cards you control with card effects, except this card. If this Ritual Summoned card is destroyed by battle, or is destroyed by an opponent's card effect while in its owner's Monster Zone: You can add 1 "Vendread" card from your Deck to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Revendread Executor" once per turn.

DARK 6

You can Ritual Summon this card with any "Vendread" Ritual Spell. Once per battle, if this card battles an opponent's monster, during damage calculation (Quick Effect): You can banish 1 Zombie monster from your GY; this card gains 300 ATK. If this Ritual Summoned card is sent to the GY: You can add 1 Ritual Spell from your Deck to your hand, and if you do, send 1 "Vendread" monster from your Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Revendread Slayer" once per turn.

DARK 8

You can Ritual Summon this card with any "Vendread" Ritual Spell. During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can Tribute 1 other Zombie monster; this card gains ATK equal to the Tributed monster's original ATK until the end of this turn. If you control "Revendread Slayer" and this card is in your GY: You can Special Summon this card, but banish it when it leaves the field. You can only use each effect of "Vendread Scavenger" once per turn.

FIRE 3

When a card or effect is activated that includes any of these effects (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate that effect. ● Add a card from the Deck to the hand. ● Special Summon from the Deck. ● Send a card from the Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring" once per turn.

FIRE 2

If this card is in your GY, except the turn this card was sent to the GY: You can target 1 non-Tuner Zombie monster in your GY; banish both it and this card, and if you do, Special Summon 1 Zombie Synchro Monster from your Extra Deck whose Level equals the total Levels those 2 monsters had. You can only use this effect of "Shiranui Spectralsword" once per turn.

DARK 3

You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; discard 1 card, and if you do, increase that target's Level by 1. You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; monsters you control cannot attack for the rest of this turn, except Zombie monsters, also send 1 Zombie monster from your Deck to the GY, and if you do, increase that target's Level by 1. You can only use each effect of "Uni-Zombie" once per turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; banish it, and if you do, until the end of the next turn, its effects are negated, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of monsters with the same original name.

Spell Quick

Declare 1 card name; banish 1 of that declared card from your Main Deck, and if you do, negate its effects, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of cards with the same original name, until the end of this turn. You can only activate 1 "Crossout Designator" per turn.

Spell Field

When this card is activated: You can send 1 Level 5 or higher Zombie monster from your Deck to the GY. You can only use each of the following effects of "Delta of Invitation" once per turn. If a Zombie monster is on the field: You can Special Summon 1 "Delta Token" (Zombie/DARK/Level 5/ATK 0/DEF 0). If a monster(s) is added from the GY to the hand, while this card is in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can add this card to your hand. You can only activate 1 "Delta of Invitation" per turn.

Spell Normal

Send 1 monster from your Deck to the GY.

Spell Normal

Send 1 monster from your hand to the GY; Special Summon 1 Level 1 monster from your hand or Deck.

Spell Normal

Add 1 Ritual Spell from your Deck to your hand, and add 1 Ritual Monster from your Deck or GY to your hand whose name is listed on that Ritual Spell. You can only activate 1 "Pre-Preparation of Rites" per turn.

Spell Normal

Special Summon 1 "Vendread" monster from your hand, Deck, or GY in face-down Defense Position, except "Vendread Scavenger", then apply the following effect. ● Ritual Summon any 1 "Vendread" Ritual Monster from your hand or GY by Tributing monsters you control, including the monster Special Summoned by this card, whose total Levels equal or exceed the Level of the Ritual Monster. You can only activate 1 "Ravenous Vendread" per turn.

Spell Normal

This card can be used to Ritual Summon any "Vendread" Ritual Monster from your hand or GY. You must also Tribute monsters from your hand or field, and/or banish Zombie monsters from your GY, whose total Levels equal or exceed the Level of the Ritual Monster you Ritual Summon. If "Revendread Slayer(s)" you control would be destroyed by battle or card effect, you can banish this card from your GY instead.

Spell Normal

If you have more cards in your Deck than your opponent does: Send cards from the top of your Deck to the Graveyard so you have the same number of cards in the Deck as your opponent.

Spell Field

You can discard 1 card; add 1 "Vendread" monster from your Deck to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Vendread Nights" once per turn. When your "Vendread" monster destroys an opponent's monster by battle: You can banish 1 "Vendread" monster from your GY; it can attack an opponent's monster again in a row.

Trap Normal

Target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; negate its effects (until the end of this turn), then, if this card was Set before activation and is on the field at resolution, for the rest of this turn all other Spell/Trap effects in this column are negated. If you control no cards, you can activate this card from your hand.

Trap Normal

Reveal 1 "Vendread" Ritual Monster in your hand, Special Summon any number of your banished "Vendread" monsters with different names, in face-down Defense Position, whose total Levels exactly equal the Level of the revealed Ritual Monster, Tribute all those face-down Defense Position monsters, then Ritual Summon that Ritual Monster from your hand. You must be able to Ritual Summon to activate and to resolve this effect.

LIGHT 10

1 "Eldlich" monster + 1 Level 5 or higher Zombie monster This card's name becomes "Eldlich the Golden Lord" while on the field. Cannot be destroyed by battle or card effects. You can Tribute 1 Zombie monster, then target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; take control of it, but it cannot attack or activate its effects this turn. You can only use this effect of "Eldlich the Mad Golden Lord" once per turn.

DARK 10

"Eldlich the Golden Lord" + 1 Zombie monster Must be either Fusion Summoned, or Special Summoned (from your Extra Deck) by Tributing 1 LIGHT Zombie monster, while you have "Eldlich the Golden Lord" in your field or GY. You can only Special Summon "Fallen Angel of the Golden Land" once per turn this way, no matter which method you use. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can Special Summon 1 "Eldlich" monster from your Deck, Extra Deck, or GY. You can only use this effect of "Fallen Angel of the Golden Land" once per turn.

DARK

2 Zombie monsters This card's name becomes "Revendread Slayer" while on the field. You can only use each of the following effects of "Avendread Savior" once per turn. ● You can target 1 "Vendread" card in your GY; add it to your hand. ● During damage calculation, if this card battles an opponent's monster (Quick Effect): You can send 1 Zombie monster from your Deck to the GY; that opponent's monster loses ATK equal to the Level of the monster sent to the GY x 200, until the end of this turn.

WATER

2 Zombie monsters You can target 1 of your Level 5 or higher Zombie monsters that is banished or in your GY; place this card in your Spell & Trap Zone as a face-up Continuous Spell, and if you do, Special Summon that monster. While this card is a Continuous Spell: You can target 1 Level 5 or higher Zombie monster you control; destroy 1 monster your opponent controls with ATK less than or equal to that monster. You can only use each effect of "Flying Mary, the Wandering Ghost Ship" once per turn.

FIRE

1 Normal Summoned monster with 1000 or less ATK (Quick Effect): You can Tribute this card, then target 1 monster you control; it cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects this turn. When a Normal Summoned monster you control is destroyed by battle, while this card is in your GY: You can Special Summon this card. You can only use this effect of "Salamangreat Almiraj" once per turn.

DARK

2 Zombie monsters If you would Tribute a monster(s) for a Tribute Summon, you can Tribute a Zombie monster(s) your opponent controls, even though you do not control them. You can only use each of the following effects of "Vampire Sucker" once per turn. ● You can target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; Special Summon it to your opponent's field in Defense Position, but it becomes a Zombie monster. ● If a Zombie monster(s) is Special Summoned from either GY: Draw 1 card.

WATER

2+ Zombie monsters You can only control 1 "Yuki-Onna, the Absolute Zero Mayakashi". Negate any activated effects of your opponent's banished monsters. If a monster is Special Summoned from the GY, or a monster effect is activated in the GY (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 other face-up monster on the field; change its ATK to 0, and if you do, negate its effects. You can use this effect of "Yuki-Onna, the Absolute Zero Mayakashi" up to twice per turn.

WATER

2+ Zombie monsters You can only control 1 "Yuki-Onna, the Icicle Mayakashi". You can only use each of the following effects of "Yuki-Onna, the Icicle Mayakashi" once per turn. If this card is Special Summoned: You can target 1 Effect Monster your opponent controls; negate its effects. (Quick Effect): You can banish this card from your GY; Special Summon 1 of your Zombie Synchro Monsters that is banished or in your GY.

DARK 10

1 Zombie Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters During your opponent's turn (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Zombie monster in your GY, except "Red-Eyes Zombie Dragon Lord"; Special Summon it. If this card is in your GY: You can banish 1 Zombie monster you control; Special Summon this card. You can only use each effect of "Red-Eyes Zombie Dragon Lord" once per turn.

FIRE 8

1 Zombie-Type Tuner + 1 or more non-Tuner Zombie-Type monsters If this card is Special Summoned: You can banish 1 Zombie-Type monster from your Graveyard; this card gains ATK equal to the banished monster's original ATK, until the end of this turn. If this card on the field is destroyed by battle or card effect and sent to the Graveyard: You can target 1 of your banished Zombie-Type monsters with 0 DEF; return it to the Graveyard. You can only Special Summon "Shiranui Shogunsaga(s)" once per turn.

FIRE 10

1 Zombie Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner Zombie monsters If this card is Special Summoned: You can return any number of your Zombie Synchro Monsters, that are banished or are in your GY, to the Extra Deck, then you can destroy cards your opponent controls, equal to the number of cards returned. If a Zombie monster(s) you control would be destroyed by battle or card effect, you can banish 1 "Shiranui" monster from your GY instead. You can only Special Summon "Shiranui Sunsaga(s)" once per turn.

DARK 6

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters During your Main Phase: You can send 1 Zombie monster from your Deck to the GY, and if you do, this card's Level becomes the difference in the original Levels of that monster and this card. When your Zombie monster is destroyed by battle, while this card is in your GY: You can Special Summon this card, but banish it when it leaves the field. You can only use each effect of "Immortal Dragon" once per turn.

EARTH 8

If a Zombie monster(s) you control would be destroyed by battle or card effect, you can banish this card from your hand or GY instead. If this card is banished from the hand or GY: You can Special Summon this card in Defense Position, then you can reduce its Level by 1. You can only use each effect of "Alghoul Mazera" once per turn.

DARK 6

During your Main Phase: You can send 1 Zombie monster from your hand or Deck to the GY. If this card is banished: You can banish 1 Zombie monster in your GY; Special Summon this card, but place it on the bottom of the Deck when it leaves the field. You can only use each effect of "Changshi the Spiridao" once per turn.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can send 1 Fiend or Zombie Ritual Monster from your hand or Deck to the GY, then you can add 1 Ritual Spell from your Deck to your hand. If this card is banished: You can target 1 of your banished Level 4 or lower Fiend or Zombie monsters; Special Summon it. You can only use each effect of "Dark Necromancer" once per turn.

DARK 8

During the Standby Phase, if a face-up card is in a Field Zone and this card is in your GY: You can Special Summon this card in Defense Position. You can only use this effect of "Doomking Balerdroch" once per turn. Once per Chain, when a Zombie monster, except "Doomking Balerdroch", activates its effect (except during the Damage Step) (Quick Effect): You can apply 1 of these effects (but you cannot apply that same effect of "Doomking Balerdroch" again this turn). ● Negate that effect. ● Banish 1 monster from the field or GY.

DARK 3

If this card is sent to the GY: You can add 1 "Ghost Fusion" from your Deck to your hand. If this card is in your GY, except the turn it was sent there: You can banish this card and discard 1 card, then target 1 of your banished Level 4 or higher Zombie monsters; add it to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Ghost Sleeper, the Underworld Princess" once per turn.

DARK 4

If this card inflicts battle damage to your opponent: Send the top card of their Deck to the GY. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: Add 1 Zombie monster with 1200 or less DEF from your Deck to your hand.

EARTH 4

During your Main Phase: You can send 1 Zombie monster from your Deck to the GY. If this card is sent to the GY: You can banish 1 Zombie monster from your GY, except "Gozuki"; Special Summon 1 Zombie monster from your hand. You can only use each effect of "Gozuki" once per turn.

WIND 8

If you control "King's Sarcophagus", you can Special Summon this card (from your GY). You can only Special Summon "Hapi, Guidance of Horus" once per turn this way. If another card(s) you control leaves the field by an opponent's card effect, while this card is in your Monster Zone (except during the Damage Step): You can target 2 cards that are banished and/or in the GYs; either add both to the hand or shuffle both into the Deck. You can only use this effect of "Hapi, Guidance of Horus" once per turn.

DARK 8

If you control "King's Sarcophagus", you can Special Summon this card (from your GY). You can only Special Summon "Imsety, Glory of Horus" once per turn this way. You can only use each of the following effects of "Imsety, Glory of Horus" once per turn. You can send 2 cards from your hand to the GY, including this card; add 1 "King's Sarcophagus" from your Deck to your hand, then you can draw 1 card. If another card(s) you control leaves the field by an opponent's card effect, while this card is in your Monster Zone (except during the Damage Step): You can send 1 card on the field to the GY.

EARTH 4

You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 Zombie monster in your GY; Special Summon that target.

DARK 4

"Zombie World" in the Field Zone cannot be destroyed by card effects, also neither player can target it with card effects. (Quick Effect): You can banish this card from your field or GY; activate 1 "Zombie World" directly from your hand or Deck. You can only use this effect of "Necroworld Banshee" once per turn.

EARTH 5

You can reveal 1 other "P.U.N.K." monster in your hand; Special Summon either the revealed monster or this card, and send the other to the GY. If this card is sent from the field to your GY: You can target 1 "P.U.N.K." monster in your GY, except a Level 5 monster; Special Summon it, but you cannot Special Summon "Noh-P.U.N.K. Deer Note" for the rest of this turn. You can only use each effect of "Noh-P.U.N.K. Deer Note" once per turn.

LIGHT 8

Once per turn, when this card destroys an opponent's monster by battle: You can gain LP equal to that monster's original ATK. You can only use each of the following effects of "Noh-P.U.N.K. Foxy Tune" once per turn. You can Tribute 1 "P.U.N.K." monster; Special Summon this card from your hand. You can send this card from your hand or field to the GY; send 1 card from your hand to the GY, and if you do, Special Summon 1 "P.U.N.K." monster from your Deck, except a Level 8 monster.

EARTH 3

If you control a Level 3 monster other than "Psychic Tracker", you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) in Defense Position. You can only Special Summon "Psychic Tracker" once per turn this way. A Synchro Monster that used this card as material gains 600 ATK.

DARK 7

You can Ritual Summon this card with any "Vendread" Ritual Spell. You can banish 1 "Vendread" card from your GY and declare 1 type of card (Monster, Spell, or Trap); for the rest of this turn, your opponent cannot activate cards or effects of that type. If this Ritual Summoned card is sent to the GY: You can add 1 Ritual Monster from your Deck to your hand, and if you do, send 1 "Vendread" monster from your Deck to the GY. You can only use each effect of "Vendread Battlelord" once per turn.

EARTH 3

You can pay 600 LP; add 1 "P.U.N.K." monster from your Deck to your hand, except "Noh-P.U.N.K. Ze Amin". If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 "P.U.N.K." monster you control; it gains 600 ATK. You can only use each effect of "Noh-P.U.N.K. Ze Amin" once per turn.

DARK 3

You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; discard 1 card, and if you do, increase that target's Level by 1. You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; monsters you control cannot attack for the rest of this turn, except Zombie monsters, also send 1 Zombie monster from your Deck to the GY, and if you do, increase that target's Level by 1. You can only use each effect of "Uni-Zombie" once per turn.

Spell Normal

Negate the effects of all face-up monsters your opponent currently controls, until the end of this turn, also, for the rest of this turn after this card resolves, your opponent takes no damage. Neither player can activate monster effects in response to this card's activation.

Spell Quick

Special Summon 1 Level 3 or lower Psychic-Type monster from your hand or Deck, but banish it during the End Phase of this turn.

Spell Normal

Send 1 monster from your Deck to the GY.

Spell Quick

Send any number of other cards from your hand and/or field to the GY; choose that many Effect Monsters your opponent controls, and until the end of this turn, their ATK is halved, also their effects are negated. In response to this card's activation, your opponent cannot activate cards, or the effects of cards, with the same original type (Monster/Spell/Trap) as the cards sent to the GY to activate this card. You can only activate 1 "Forbidden Droplet" per turn.

Spell Normal

Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using only Zombie monsters you control as material. If your LP are lower than your opponent's, you can also banish up to 1 Zombie monster from your hand, Deck, or GY as material. You can only activate 1 "Ghost Fusion" per turn.

Spell Quick

Tribute 1 monster; Special Summon 1 "Goblin" monster from your Deck, but it cannot attack this turn. When a monster declares an attack: You can banish this card from your GY and detach any number of materials from "Goblin" Xyz Monsters you control; all monsters your opponent currently controls lose 1000 ATK for each material detached, until the end of this turn. You can only use each effect of "Goblin Biker Grand Breakout" once per turn.

Spell Continuous

"Horus" monsters you control cannot be destroyed by card effects that do not target them. You can send 1 card from your hand to the GY; send 1 "Horus" monster from your Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "King's Sarcophagus" up to four times per turn. Once per turn, at the start of the Damage Step, if your "Horus" monster battles an opponent's monster: You can send that opponent's monster to the GY.

Spell Normal

If you control no face-up cards: Activate 1 of these effects; ● Destroy all Attack Position monsters your opponent controls. ● Destroy all Spells and Traps your opponent controls. You can only activate 1 "Lightning Storm" per turn.

Spell Normal

This card can be used to Ritual Summon any "Vendread" Ritual Monster from your hand or GY. You must also Tribute monsters from your hand or field, and/or send 1 "Vendread" monster from your Deck to the GY, whose total Levels equal the Level of the Ritual Monster you Ritual Summon. The Ritual Summoned monster is destroyed during the End Phase of the next turn. You can only activate 1 "Revendread Evolution" per turn.

Spell Quick

Discard 1 card; Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters from either field as Fusion Material. Neither player can activate cards or effects in response to this card's activation.

Spell Field

All monsters on the field and in the GYs become Zombie monsters. Neither player can Tribute Summon monsters, except Zombie monsters.

DARK 8

2 Zombie monsters Must first be Fusion Summoned. Monsters cannot be destroyed by battle with this card. At the end of the Damage Step, if this card battled a monster that has an original Level: That monster's ATK becomes 0, also, if that monster is still face-up on the field, Special Summon 1 "Dark Soul Token" (Zombie/DARK/Level ?/ATK ?/DEF 0). (When Summoned, its Level and ATK become equal to the original Level and ATK of that monster.) You can only control 1 "Dragonecro Nethersoul Dragon".

DARK 6

2 monsters with the same Type and Attribute, but different names Any battle damage your opponent takes from battles involving this card is doubled. If this card is sent to the GY: You can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Garura, Wings of Resonant Life" once per turn.

WATER 4

2 monsters with the same Attribute but different Types Your opponent cannot target this card, or monsters on the field with the same Attribute as this card, with card effects. Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can declare 1 Attribute; this card becomes that Attribute until the end of this turn.

DARK 6

2 Fiend and/or Zombie monsters Once per turn, during your Standby Phase, pay 500 LP or destroy this card. Cannot be destroyed by battle. You can only use each of the following effects of "The Duke of Demise" once per turn. During your Main Phase, you can: Immediately after this effect resolves, Normal Summon 1 monster. You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 Level 4 or higher Fiend or Zombie monster in your GY; add it to your hand.

DARK

2+ monsters, including a Zombie monster If this card is Link Summoned: You can target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; Special Summon it to your field in Defense Position, also you cannot Special Summon monsters for the rest of this turn, except Zombie monsters. You can Tribute 1 "Vampire" monster, then target 1 monster your opponent controls; take control of it until the End Phase. You can only use each effect of "Vampire Fascinator" once per turn.