DARK 8

Cannot be destroyed by card effects. You can only use each of the following effects of "Dark Hole Dragon" once per turn. If a monster(s) on the field is destroyed by a card effect that does not target it (except during the Damage Step): You can Special Summon this card from the GY (if it was there when the monster was destroyed) or hand (even if not). If this card is Special Summoned: You can activate this effect; during the End Phase of this turn, add 1 "Dark Hole" from your Deck to your hand.

DARK 7

Cannot be Special Summoned. If you Tribute Summon this card, the Tributes must be DARK. Cannot be Tributed by card effects while face-up on the field. Once per turn, during your opponent's Draw Phase, before their normal draw: Look at the top card of your opponent's Deck, and if you do, place that card on either the top or bottom of their Deck.

DARK

2 Level 12 monsters During the turn, or turn after, your opponent Special Summoned 2 or more monsters from the Extra Deck, you can also Xyz Summon this card by using 1 monster you control with the highest ATK (your choice, if tied). (Transfer its materials to this card.) If you do, you cannot Normal or Special Summon monsters for the rest of this turn. While this Xyz Summoned monster is on the field, neither player can activate the effects of monsters with 3000 or more ATK. Once per turn: You can detach 1 material from this card; return 1 monster from the field to the hand.

Spell Quick

Send any number of other cards from your hand and/or field to the GY; choose that many Effect Monsters your opponent controls, and until the end of this turn, their ATK is halved, also their effects are negated. In response to this card's activation, your opponent cannot activate cards, or the effects of cards, with the same original type (Monster/Spell/Trap) as the cards sent to the GY to activate this card. You can only activate 1 "Forbidden Droplet" per turn.

DARK 4

(Quick Effect): You can target 1 face-up card you control; destroy it, and if you do, Special Summon 1 "Rokket" monster from your Deck, except "Rokket Tracer", also you cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck for the rest of this turn, except DARK monsters. You can only use this effect of "Rokket Tracer" once per turn.

DARK 8

1 DARK Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters Cannot be destroyed by battle or card effects. If you take damage from an attack involving this card, or from an opponent's card effect: This card gains ATK equal to the damage you took.

Spell Normal

Negate the effects of all face-up monsters your opponent currently controls, until the end of this turn, also, for the rest of this turn after this card resolves, your opponent takes no damage. Neither player can activate monster effects in response to this card's activation.

DARK 4

When this card is Normal Summoned: You can make this card gain 100 ATK for each Monster Type currently in your GY, until the end of this turn. You can target 1 other face-up monster on the field; this card cannot attack for the rest of this turn, also that monster loses DEF equal to this card's ATK, then if its DEF becomes 0 by this effect, destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Leraje the God of Archery" once per turn.

Spell Normal

Destroy all monsters on the field.

DARK 8

1 "Fallen of Albaz" + 1+ Dragon monsters Cannot be used as Fusion Material. Must be either Fusion Summoned, or Special Summoned by sending the above cards from any Monster Zones to the GY. This card can attack monsters a number of times each Battle Phase, up to the number of materials used for it. Once per turn, during the End Phase, if this card is in the GY because it was sent there this turn: You can add 1 "Polymerization" Normal Spell or "Fusion" Normal Spell from your Deck to your hand.

Trap Counter

When a Spell/Trap Card, or monster effect, is activated on the field: Pay half your LP; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card, then destroy any other cards in the same column the destroyed card was in, that are in the Monster Zones or Spell & Trap Zones.

DARK 8

"Fallen of Albaz" + 1 monster with 2500 or more ATK Gains ATK equal to the combined original Levels of the monsters used for its Fusion Summon x 100. After this card is Fusion Summoned, for the rest of this turn, it is unaffected by the activated effects of any other monsters Special Summoned from the Extra Deck. During the End Phase, if this card is in the GY because it was sent there this turn: You can add to your hand, or Special Summon, 1 "Fallen of Albaz" or "Dogmatika" monster from your Deck. You can only use this effect of "Titaniklad the Ash Dragon" once per turn.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned (except during the Damage Step): You can discard 1 card; Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters on either field as Fusion Material, including this card, but you cannot use other monsters you control as Fusion Material. You can only use this effect of "Fallen of Albaz" once per turn.

DARK 10

1 DARK Tuner + 1 non-Tuner Dragon-Type monster Cannot be destroyed by battle. When this card destroys an opponent's monster by battle and sends it to the Graveyard: You can activate this effect; this card can make a second attack on an opponent's monster in a row. During your Standby Phase: You can target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; its ATK becomes half its current ATK, and if it does, inflict damage to your opponent equal to that lost ATK.

Trap Continuous

Special Summon this card as an Effect Monster (Fiend-Type/DARK/Level 6/ATK 1000/DEF 2400). (This card is also still a Trap Card.) If Summoned this way: You can discard 1 card, then declare 1 Attribute; this card becomes that Attribute, and can be treated as 2 Tributes for the Tribute Summon of a monster with the same Attribute as this card. If this card was Summoned this way, you cannot Special Summon monsters, except monsters with this card's Attribute.

Spell Normal

Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters from your hand or field as material, including a Dragon monster. You can also banish monsters from your GY as material, if you use "Fallen of Albaz" as Fusion Material from your hand, field, or by banishing itself from your GY. During the End Phase, if this card is in the GY because it was sent there to activate the effect of "Fallen of Albaz" this turn: You can Set this card. You can only use each effect of "Branded in White" once per turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 "Despia" monster or "Fallen of Albaz" in your GY; add it to your hand, then you can apply the following effect. ● Fusion Summon 1 Level 8 or higher Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, by banishing Fusion Materials mentioned on it from your hand or field, but it cannot attack directly this turn. You can only activate 1 "Branded in Red" per turn.

DARK 10

This card cannot be Normal Summoned or Set. This card cannot be Special Summoned except by sending 1 Fiend-Type monster you control and 1 Fiend-Type monster from your hand to the Graveyard when your opponent's monster declares an attack. This card cannot be destroyed by battle. Once per turn, you can return all face-up Trap Cards you control to the hand.

DARK 10

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner Dragon monsters You can target 1 banished LIGHT or DARK monster; Special Summon it to your field. When your opponent activates a monster effect (Quick Effect): You can target 1 banished card; shuffle it into the Deck, then if you shuffled it into your Deck, destroy that monster, or if you shuffled it into your opponent's Deck, negate that activated effect. You can only use each effect of "Bystial Dis Pater" once per turn.

Spell Normal

Target 2 DARK monsters with 0 DEF in your GY; add those targets to your hand.

DARK 4

This card's name becomes "Fallen of Albaz" while on the field or in the GY. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can discard 1 card, then target 1 Dragon monster your opponent controls or in their GY, and activate the appropriate effect; ● Send this card to the GY, and if you do, take control of that monster on the field until the End Phase. ● Send this card to the GY, and if you do, Special Summon that monster from the GY to your field. You can only use this effect of "The Bystial Aluber" once per turn.

DARK 4

You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) to your zone a DARK Link Monster points to. You can only Special Summon "Rokket Caliber" once per turn this way. You can Tribute this card; Special Summon 1 DARK Dragon or Machine monster from your hand, except "Rokket Caliber". You can only use this effect of "Rokket Caliber" once per turn.

Trap Normal

When an opponent's monster declares an attack: Destroy all Spell and Trap Cards on the field.

Trap Normal

If your opponent has 8 or more cards in their Graveyard: The ATK of all monsters your opponent currently controls become 0.

DARK 10

(This card is always treated as an "Ultimate Crystal" card.) Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must be Special Summoned (from your hand) by banishing 7 DARK monsters with different names from your GY. You can banish all other DARK monsters from your field and GY; this card gains 500 ATK for each card banished this way.

Spell Field

All face-up monsters on the field become DARK. Once per turn, if you would Tribute a monster you control to activate a card effect, you can Tribute 1 DARK monster your opponent controls, even though you do not control it. Once per turn, during the End Phase: Special Summon as many "Torment Tokens" (Fiend/DARK/Level 3/ATK 1000/DEF 1000) as possible to the turn player's field in Defense Position, up to the number of monsters Tributed this turn while this card was face-up.

Trap Continuous

Each turn, 1 Level 5 or higher Fiend monster you Normal Summon can be Summoned without Tributing. If exactly 1 Normal Summoned/Set Level 5 or higher Fiend monster (and no other cards) would be destroyed, you can send this card to the GY instead.

Spell Normal

Target 1 monster in either GY; Special Summon it.

DARK

2+ Effect Monsters You cannot Summon/Set monsters to any Extra Monster Zone this card points to. Gains 200 ATK for each banished card. If another monster is Special Summoned to a zone a Link Monster points to, while this monster is on the field: Banish all cards on the field. Once per turn, during the Standby Phase of the next turn after this card was banished by its own effect: Special Summon this banished card.

DARK

3+ Effect Monsters Cannot be destroyed by battle. Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Attack Position monster; change it to Defense Position, also, this card can make a second attack during each Battle Phase this turn. Your opponent cannot activate cards or effects in response to this effect's activation. Once per turn, when this card declares an attack on a face-up monster: You can activate this effect; until the end of this turn, this card gains ATK equal to half that monster's current ATK, and if it does, that monster's current ATK is halved.

DARK 8

1 "Despia" monster + 1 LIGHT or DARK monster While you control this Fusion Summoned card, your opponent must pay 600 LP to activate cards or effects. If your opponent controls a Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Link Monster, while this card is in your GY (Quick Effect): You can Special Summon this card, but banish it when it leaves the field. You can only use this effect of "Masquerade the Blazing Dragon" once per turn.

DARK 4

You can discard this card; add 1 "Lair of Darkness" from your Deck to your hand. You can Tribute 1 DARK monster; draw 1 card, or, if you Tributed a DARK monster other than this card to activate this effect, you can add 1 DARK monster with 2000 or more DEF from your Deck to your hand, instead. You can only use this effect of "Ahrima, the Wicked Warden" once per turn.

Spell Quick

Discard 1 card, then target up to 2 Spells/Traps on the field; destroy them.

DARK 6

You can target 1 LIGHT or DARK monster in either GY; banish it, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand. This is a Quick Effect if your opponent controls a monster. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can target 1 Special Summoned monster your opponent controls; send it to the GY. You can only use each effect of "Bystial Druiswurm" once per turn.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: Place 1 Guard Counter on it. This card gains 300 ATK for each Guard Counter on it. Once per turn: You can target 1 other face-up card you control; remove 1 Guard Counter from this card, and if you do, place 1 Guard Counter on that target (if that card would ever be destroyed, remove 1 Guard Counter from it instead).

DARK 6

You can target 1 LIGHT or DARK monster in either GY; banish it, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand. This is a Quick Effect if your opponent controls a monster. If this card is sent to the GY: You can send 1 "Bystial" monster or 1 "Branded" Spell/Trap from your Deck to the GY, except "Bystial Saronir". You can only use each effect of "Bystial Saronir" once per turn.

DARK 6

You can target 1 LIGHT or DARK monster in either GY; banish it, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand. This is a Quick Effect if your opponent controls a monster. If this card is Special Summoned: You can activate this effect; during the End Phase of this turn, add 1 Dragon monster from your Deck or GY to your hand, except "Bystial Magnamhut". You can only use each effect of "Bystial Magnamhut" once per turn.

DARK 4

When a Link Monster's effect is activated that targets this face-up card on the field (Quick Effect): You can destroy this card, then send 1 monster on the field to the GY. During the End Phase, if this card is in the GY because it was destroyed on the field by battle or card effect and sent there this turn: You can Special Summon 1 "Rokket" monster from your Deck, except "Magnarokket Dragon". You can only use each effect of "Magnarokket Dragon" once per turn.

Spell Normal

Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster that mentions "Fallen of Albaz" as material from your Extra Deck, using 2 monsters from your hand, Deck, or field as Fusion Material. You cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck, except Fusion Monsters, the turn you activate this card. You can only activate 1 "Branded Fusion" per turn.

DARK 8

Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must first be Special Summoned (from your hand) by having 5 or more DARK monsters in your Graveyard while you control no monsters. Once per turn: You can banish 1 DARK monster from your Graveyard to target 1 DARK monster in your Graveyard; Special Summon that target.

DARK 6

You can target 1 LIGHT or DARK monster in either GY; banish it, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand. This is a Quick Effect if your opponent controls a monster. If your opponent Special Summons a Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, and/or Link Monster(s) (except during the Damage Step): You can Tribute 1 other LIGHT or DARK monster, then target 1 of those Special Summoned monsters; banish it. You can only use each effect of "Bystial Baldrake" once per turn.

Spell Normal

Draw 2 cards, then banish 1 DARK monster from your hand, or, if you do not have any in your hand, send your entire hand to the GY.

DARK 8

"Fallen of Albaz" + 1 Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Link Monster You can only control 1 "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon". Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can send 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck to the GY that mentions "Fallen of Albaz" as material; banish 1 monster on the field, also this card cannot use this effect next turn. If this Fusion Summoned card in its owner's control leaves the field because of an opponent's card: You can destroy all monsters your opponent controls during the End Phase of this turn.

DARK 4

When a card effect is activated in your opponent's GY (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY; negate that effect.

DARK 8

"Fallen of Albaz" + 1 LIGHT monster If this card is Fusion Summoned: You can Fusion Summon 1 Level 8 or lower Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, except "Albion the Branded Dragon", by banishing Fusion Materials mentioned on it from your hand, field, and/or GY. During the End Phase, if this card is in the GY because it was sent there this turn: You can add to your hand or Set 1 "Branded" Spell/Trap directly from your Deck. You can only use each effect of "Albion the Branded Dragon" once per turn.

Trap Counter

When a Spell/Trap Card, or monster effect, is activated that targets a DARK monster on the field: Negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card.

DARK 7

Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must be Special Summoned (from your hand) by having exactly 3 DARK monsters in your GY. You can banish 1 DARK monster from your GY, then target 1 card on the field; destroy that target.

Spell Normal

If you control no face-up cards: Activate 1 of these effects; ● Destroy all Attack Position monsters your opponent controls. ● Destroy all Spells and Traps your opponent controls. You can only activate 1 "Lightning Storm" per turn.

Spell Normal

Destroy all monsters your opponent controls.

DARK 10

When you take battle damage: You can Special Summon this card from your hand. Gains 600 ATK/DEF for each card in your hand. Once per turn: You can send 1 monster from your hand to the GY, then target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls with the same Level the sent monster had in the hand; take control of that face-up monster. Once per turn: You can target 1 monster in your GY; this card's Level becomes the same as that target's, until the end of this turn.

DARK 8

Your opponent cannot Tribute this face-up card on the field, and cannot target it with card effects. You can only use each of these effects of "Darkest Diabolos, Lord of the Lair" once per turn. ● If a DARK monster you control is Tributed (except during the Damage Step): You can Special Summon this card from your GY (if it was there when you Tributed) or hand (even if not). ● You can Tribute 1 DARK monster; your opponent places 1 card from their hand on either the top or bottom of the Deck.

Trap Normal

Target 1 monster in your Graveyard; Special Summon it, but it has its effects negated (if any), and if you do, immediately after this effect resolves, Synchro Summon 1 DARK Dragon or Fiend-Type Synchro Monster using only monsters you control as Materials, including the Summoned monster.

Trap Continuous

Activate this card by targeting 1 Effect Monster on the field; negate the effects of that face-up monster while it is on the field, also that face-up monster cannot attack. When it is destroyed, destroy this card.

DARK

2+ Level 10 monsters When your opponent activates a card or effect (Quick Effect): You can detach 1 material from this card; negate the activation, then you can detach 1 material from this card, then destroy 1 card on the field. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks while it has material: You can destroy 1 card on the field. If this Xyz Summoned card is destroyed: You can destroy 1 card on the field. You can only use each effect of "Varudras, the Final Bringer of the End Times" once per turn.

DARK 4

Once per turn, during your Main Phase: You can return this face-up card to the hand. During the Damage Step, when your DARK monster battles an opponent's monster (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY; that opponent's monster loses ATK equal to its own ATK, until the end of this turn.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can banish 1 Trap from your Deck; increase this card's Level by 1. You can target 1 Trap in either GY; banish it, and if you do, increase this card's Level by 1. If this card in its owner's possession is destroyed by an opponent's card: You can Set 1 of your banished Normal Traps. You can only use each effect of "Prufinesse, the Tactical Trapper" once per turn.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 "Branded" Spell/Trap from your Deck to your hand. If a face-up Fusion Monster you control is destroyed by battle, or leaves the field because of an opponent's card effect, while this card is in your GY: You can target 1 Effect Monster your opponent controls; Special Summon this card, and if you do, negate the targeted monster's effects until the end of this turn. You can only use 1 "Aluber the Jester of Despia" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

DARK 4

This card's name becomes "Fallen of Albaz" while on the field or in the GY. While a Level 8 Fusion Monster is in your GY, this card gains 200 ATK for each monster in your GY, also your opponent cannot target other monsters you control with card effects. If a monster(s) you control leaves the field by an opponent's card effect, while this card and a Fusion Monster are in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can Special Summon this card. You can only use this effect of "Albaz the Ashen" once per turn.

DARK 8

2 DARK monsters on the field, except Tokens If this card is Fusion Summoned: You can make this card gain ATK equal to 1 opponent's Special Summoned monster, until the end of this turn. Once per turn: You can target 1 Level 5 or higher monster your opponent controls; until the End Phase, this card's name becomes that monster's original name, and replace this effect with that monster's original effects. If this Fusion Summoned card is destroyed: You can destroy all your opponent's Special Summoned monsters.

DARK 10

You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) by banishing 1 face-up Dragon monster you control. You can only Special Summon "Red-Eyes Darkness Metal Dragon" once per turn this way. During your Main Phase: You can Special Summon 1 Dragon monster from your hand or GY, except "Red-Eyes Darkness Metal Dragon". You can only use this effect of "Red-Eyes Darkness Metal Dragon" once per turn.

DARK 10

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner LIGHT or DARK monsters For this card's Synchro Summon, you can treat 1 LIGHT or DARK monster you control as a Tuner. If this card is Special Summoned: You can target 1 card on the field; banish it. This card gains these effects based on the original Attributes of materials used for its Synchro Summon. ● LIGHT: Synchro Monsters you control are unaffected by monster effects activated by your opponent. ● DARK: Monsters you control cannot be destroyed by battle.

DARK 101

[ Pendulum Effect ] During your Main Phase: You can add 1 face-up "D/D/D" Pendulum Monster from your Extra Deck to your hand, except "D/D/D Destiny King Zero Laplace". You can only use this effect of "D/D/D Destiny King Zero Laplace" once per turn. [ Monster Effect ] You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) by Tributing 1 "D/D/D" monster. Before damage calculation, if this card battles an opponent's monster: You can activate this effect; this card's ATK becomes double that opponent's monster's original ATK until the end of the Damage Step. If this card attacks a Defense Position monster, inflict piercing battle damage. The first time this card would be destroyed by battle each turn, it is not destroyed, and you take no battle damage from that battle.

DARK 1010

[ Pendulum Effect ] If you would take effect damage, you take no damage. If you Normal Summon 1 Level 5 or higher "D/D" monster, you can do it without Tributing. You can only use each Pendulum Effect of "Go! - D/D/D Divine Zero King Rage" once per turn. [ Monster Effect ] When this card declares an attack, if your opponent's LP is 4000 or less: You can make this card gain ATK equal to your opponent's LP, until the end of this turn. Cannot be destroyed by battle, also you take no damage from battles involving this card. You can Tribute 1 other monster; apply 1 of these effects until the end of this turn. ● This card can attack directly. ● Your opponent cannot activate cards or effects in the Spell & Trap Zones. ● Your opponent cannot activate card effects in their hand or GY.

DARK 4

When this card is Normal or Flip Summoned: You can Special Summon any number of "Skyblaster Tokens" (Fiend/DARK/Level 4/ATK 500/DEF 500), up to the number of monsters you control. Once per turn, during your Standby Phase: You can inflict 300 damage to your opponent for each "Skyblaster" monster you control. "Skyblaster" monsters you control cannot declare an attack during the turn you activate this effect.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal Summoned: Banish 1 or more DARK monsters from your GY, and if you do, this card gains 400 ATK for each, until the end of this turn.

DARK

2+ Effect Monsters If another monster is Special Summoned to a zone a Link Monster points to, while this monster is on the field: Destroy all monsters in the Main Monster Zones, also your other monsters cannot attack for the rest of this turn. After damage calculation, if this card attacked an opponent's monster: Inflict damage to your opponent equal to that monster's original ATK.

DARK 4

If this card destroys a monster by battle and sends it to the GY: Inflict damage to your opponent equal to the original Level of that monster in the GY x 100. You can banish this card from your GY; Special Summon 1 Fiend monster with 2000 or less ATK from your hand.

Spell Quick

Discard 1 card; Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters from either field as Fusion Material. Neither player can activate cards or effects in response to this card's activation.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can discard 1 card; add 1 "Polymerization" Normal Spell or "Fusion" Normal Spell from your Deck to your hand. You can reveal 1 Fusion Monster in your Extra Deck; Special Summon 1 of the Fusion Materials whose name is specifically listed on that monster from your GY, in face-down Defense Position. You can only use each effect of "Keeper of Dragon Magic" once per turn. You cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck, except Fusion Monsters, the turn you activate either of this card's effects.

DARK 2

If your opponent controls a monster, and you control no other monsters: You can target 1 Fusion Monster in your Graveyard; banish both this card from the field and that target, and if you do, Special Summon 1 Dragon-Type Synchro Monster from your Extra Deck whose Level equals the total Levels those 2 monsters had (original Level, if face-down). You can only use this effect of "Ghost Charon, the Underworld Boatman" once per turn. You cannot Special Summon monsters the turn you activate this effect, except Dragon-Type monsters.

DARK 4

You can Tribute any number of DARK monsters; Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, it gains 500 ATK for each monster you Tributed. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can target 1 Level 5 or higher DARK monster in your GY; add it to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Duke Shade, the Sinister Shadow Lord" once per turn. You cannot Special Summon monsters the turn you activate either of this card's effects, except DARK monsters.

Trap Normal

Tribute 1 DARK monster with 2500 or more ATK, and declare 1 type of card (Spell or Trap); look at your opponent's hand, all Spells/Traps they control, and all cards they draw until the end of their 3rd turn after this card's activation, and destroy all cards of that declared type.

DARK 4

When a Link Monster's effect is activated that targets this face-up card on the field (Quick Effect): You can destroy this card, then look at your opponent's Extra Deck and banish 1 card from it. During the End Phase, if this card is in the GY because it was destroyed on the field by battle or card effect and sent there this turn: You can Special Summon 1 "Rokket" monster from your Deck, except "Silverrokket Dragon". You can only use each effect of "Silverrokket Dragon" once per turn.

DARK 4

When this card is Summoned: You can send 1 DARK monster from your Deck to the GY.

Trap Continuous

You can pay 1000 LP, then target 1 face-up Spell/Trap on the field; destroy it. You can only activate this effect of "Unending Nightmare" once per Chain.